Alcohol 'more harmful than heroin' says Prof David Nutt

Alcohol is more harmful than heroin or crack when the overall dangers to the individual and society are considered, according to a study in the Lancet.

The report is co-authored by Professor David Nutt, the former government chief drugs adviser who was sacked in 2009.

It ranked 20 drugs on 16 measures of harm to users and to wider society.

Heroin, crack and crystal meth were deemed worst for individuals, with alcohol, heroin and crack cocaine worst for society, and alcohol worst overall.

The study by the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs also said tobacco and cocaine were judged to be equally harmful, while ecstasy and LSD were among the least damaging.

Harm score
Professor Nutt refused to leave the drugs debate when he was sacked from his official post by the former Labour Home Secretary, Alan Johnson.

He went on to form the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs, which says it aims to investigate the drug issue without any political interference.

One of its other members is Dr Les King, another former government adviser who quit over Prof Nutt's treatment.

Members of the group, joined by two other experts, scored each drug for harms including mental and physical damage, addiction, crime and costs to the economy and communities.
The study involved 16 criteria, including a drug's affects on users' physical and mental health, social harms including crime, "family adversities" and environmental damage, economic costs and "international damage".

'Valid and necessary'
The findings run contrary to the government's long-established drug classification system, but the paper's authors argue that their system - based on the consensus of experts - provides an accurate assessment of harm for policy makers.

"Our findings lend support to previous work in the UK and the Netherlands, confirming that the present drug classification systems have little relation to the evidence of harm," the paper says.


"They also accord with the conclusions of previous expert reports that aggressively targeting alcohol harms is a valid and necessary public health strategy."

In 2007, Prof Nutt and colleagues undertook a limited attempt to create a harm ranking system, sparking controversy over the criteria and the findings.

The new, more complex, system ranked alcohol as three times more harmful than cocaine or tobacco. Ecstasy was ranked as causing one-eighth the harm of alcohol.

It also contradicted the Home Office's decision to make the so-called legal high mephedrone a Class B drug, saying that alcohol was five times more harmful.

The rankings have been published to coincide with a conference on drugs policy, organised by Prof Nutt's committee.

'Extraordinary lengths'
Prof Nutt told the BBC: "Overall, alcohol is the most harmful drug because it's so widely used.

"Crack cocaine is more addictive than alcohol but because alcohol is so widely used there are hundreds of thousands of people who crave alcohol every day, and those people will go to extraordinary lengths to get it."

He said it was important to separate harm to individuals and harm to society.



Click to play

Click to play

Government advisor Professor David Nutt likens the effects of alcohol to a range of other drugs including heroin.
The Lancet paper written by Prof Nutt, Dr King and Dr Lawrence Phillips, does not examine the harm caused to users by taking more than one drug at a time.

Gavin Partington, of the Wine and Spirit Trade Association, said alcohol abuse affected "a minority" who needed "education, treatment and enforcement".

Mr Partington, who is the spokesman for the Wine and Spirit Trade Association, said millions of people enjoyed alcohol "as part of a regular and enjoyable social drink".

"Clearly alcohol misuse is a problem in the country and our real fear is that, by talking in such extreme terms, Professor Nutt and his colleagues risk switching people off from considering the real issues and the real action that is needed to tackle alcohol misuse," he said.

"We are talking about a minority. We need to focus policy around that minority, which is to do with education, treatment and enforcement."

A Home Office spokesman said: "Our priorities are clear - we want to reduce drug use, crack down on drug-related crime and disorder and help addicts come off drugs for good."

watching television

In these days, amagic box that we call it television has lots of fans, but it has some advantages and disadvantages .
A good example of advantages is getting information from news,weather forcasting and so on
An other great use of tv is amusing your child by watching cartoon when you are busy.
some disadvantages of this magic box are:
First, because it has many different programs like:movies, documentries,science news and other stuff like these it might addicted you and waste your time.
Second, if you watch it from near of it's screen it might damage your eyes.
I think nearly 70 percent of people choose tv for spending their free time and entertaining themselves.
In my idea people prefer tv to radio, because radio has nothing to show and they will be tired by listening to it.

Payamenoor university

Nowdays,Payamenoor university availables much feasibilities for volunteers.This university in addition to contain all governmental university feasibilities,Due to having semi-present and non-present classes assemble that prepare people to work and study at the same time.In past,people tought the issue that perhaps there isn't any work market for them after graduation as soon as they heard the name of payamenoor.But in recent years ue to education quality improvement level and high knowledge masters' presence this idea has changed.

For some time now,This university begins to increase it's training units in all over the country to make the easier access for common people.For example:in Tehran province, Karaj, Shahriyar and other cities have seprate training units and people that live there coud refer to nearest unit easier.

In addition to the university availability,ther are other reasons which atract volunteers to the payamenoor.Perhaps the chief reason is optional classes that able students don't present at class.Second,this university doesn't have provisional pass so the lessons which had not passed will not impact the certificated and general average.

Payamenoor and other university have several charactristics in common.First,both of them are under the supervision of science ministry.Second,the students can take the units by the maximum of 20 units (below the 17 score) and maximum of 24 units (over the 17 score).

This university has other facilities as like online enrol,that the students able enrol through saving time and money for that purpose First, should enter the website. Then,do the enrol levels in the Golestan system and at last, take the enrol print.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology, proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation. Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories of human developmental psychology, all of which focus on describing the stages of growth in humans.
-Physiological needs include:
Breathing
Food
Homeostasis
-Safety needs include:
Personal security
Financial security
Health and well-being
Safety net against accidents/illness and their adverse impacts
-Love and Belonging needs include:
After physiological and safety needs are fulfilled, the third layer of human needs are social and involve feelings of belongingness.
Friendship
Intimacy
Family
-Esteem needs include:
All humans have a need to be respected and to have self-esteem and self-respect. Also known as the belonging need, esteem presents the normal human desire to be accepted and valued by others.
-Self-actualization need include:
This level of need pertains to what a person's full potential is and realizing that potential. Maslow describes this desire as the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming. This is a broad definition of the need for self-actualization, but when applied to individuals the need is specific.

Nature versus nurture

relationship between innateness and environmental in Developmental psychology


A significant issue in developmental psychology is the relationship between innateness and environmental influence in regard to any particular aspect of development. This is often referred to as "nature versus nurture" or nativism versus empiricism. A nativist account of development would argue that the processes in question are innate, that is, they are specified by the organism's genes. An empiricist perspective would argue that those processes are acquired in interaction with the environment. Today developmental psychologists rarely take such extreme positions with regard to most aspects of development; rather they investigate, among many other things, the relationship between innate and environmental influences. One of the ways in which this relationship has been explored in recent years is through the emerging field of evolutionary developmental psychology

Forough Farrokhzad (Biography)

Forugh was born in Tehran to career military officer Colonel Mohammad Bagher Farrokhzad and his wife Touran Vaziri-Tabar in 1935. The third of seven children (Amir, Massoud, Mehrdad, Fereydoun Farrokhzad., Pouran, Gloria), she attended school until the ninth grade, then was taught painting and sewing at a girl's school for the manual arts. At age sixteen she was married to Parviz Shapour, an acclaimed satirist. Farrokhzad continued her education with classes in painting and sewing and moved with her husband to Ahvaz. A year later, she bore her only child, a son named Kamya

Within two years, in 1954, Farrokhzad and her husband divorced; Parviz won custody of the child. She moved back to Tehran to write poetry and published her first volume, entitled The Captive, in 1955.

. In 1958 she spent nine months in Europe and met film-maker and writer Ebrahim Golestan, who reinforced her own inclinations to express herself and live independently. She published two more volumes, The Wall and The Rebellion before traveling to Tabriz to make a film about Iranians affected by leprosy. This 1962 documentary film titled The House is Black won several international awards. During the twelve days of shooting, she became attached to Hossein Mansouri, the child of two lepers. She adopted the boy and brought him to live at her mother's house.

In 1963 she published Another Birth. Her poetry was now mature and sophisticated, and a profound change from previous modern Iranian poetic conventions.

At 4:30PM on February 13, 1967, Farrokhzad died in a car accident at age thirty-two. In order to avoid hitting a school bus, she swerved her Jeep, which hit a stone wall; she died before reaching the hospital.

Final (ladan Bagheri)

Bad and good habits
There are many habits among many of people. Some of them are good and other ones are bad. I want to write about two habits: exercise and smoking. Exercise is an example for good habits and smoking is an example for bad habits.
First smoking; some people used to smoking when they have problem. They think that smoking helps them and reduce their stresses. Indeed it is a psychological reaction and is not correct .Smoking among teenagers has increased rapidly because they think that it is a clue to grow up. But smoking badly causes health problems for others and themselves. Smoking is harmful for human body and damage human organism. It is a factor for many diseases, for instance heart disease and respiratory diseases. The most important disease is cancer. Annually outnumbered person die with the sick.
Also smoking is dangerous for pregnant woman and infant. There are many reasons why smoking is a bad habit, so we have to avoid the smoking.
Second, exercise:
Exercise is one of the best habits for people. There are many choices to do that. Some of them are professional and nonprofessional. Soccer, basketball, volleyball, ski and swimming are examples for professional exercises. Aerobic and general exercises are examples for nonprofessional. Some of the exercises are useful for calmness. Environment must be silent, like that yoga. So everyone can find suitable exercise for (him/her) self. With exercise we can enhance our body and our mind. The best time for exercise is early morning, but we can do it in other times. We can do it lonely or with our friends, and we can do it at home or at parks. We feel fresh by exercise.
First and second are tow habits. It is our choice that be safe and health or be sick and disease.

Ladan Bagheri

final parvaneh shabani

WE CAN SAVE OUR OWN LIFE
These days, kinds of diseases affect people healthy which should be considered as a serious issue. Diabetes, for instance, there is no cure for it, but it is often preventable and even reversible. It affects nearly 21 million men, women and children, a year in the United States. What’s the reason? Rising rates of obesity and physical inactivity (the condition strikes mainly overweight, sedentary people). In young people blood sugar levels are slightly elevated. A major reason for this is a deadly epidemic of diabetes.
From 1999 to 2009, the incidence of diabetes increased by 70% in people ages 30 to 39 and 40% in those 40 to 49. It’s now known as type2 diabetes, and it’s occurring at younger and younger ages, and it’s a warning for parents to take care of their children’s eating. One in three children in the United States will eventually become diabetic. People who are overweight have a much higher rate of diabetes. The condition affects just about every organ in the body. It reduces blood flow to our heart (leading to heart attacks), our brain (leading to strokes), our sexual organs (leading to impotence), and our legs and feet (leading to amputations). Diabetes may even raise the risk of Alzheimer. Diabetic eye disease is the leading of new cases of blindness in people ages 20 to 72. Studies show that, people with diabetes make too much insulin, which may cause inflammation, which may, in turn, result in brain damage. High level of insulin also causes a myeloid protein deposit to build up our brain interfering with its function.
There are some practical ways which can lead us to have a healthy life. First, we need enough of right food to provide energy for our daily activities, whereas our intake should be a little below normal. Next, it is a good idea to exercise and control our weight regularly. Moving just a little will result in living longer. In fact, exercising at a moderate intensity, even in short bursts of 10 minutes several times a day can improve our health and lengthen our life, recent researches suggest. And finally, no one is saying that we have to get super-fit work out, but any activity we enjoy doing is a good activity. Trying to keep a balance between intakes and burn off the calories and losing even 2 kilos can make a difference.
Parvaneh Shabani - 870021354

teaching kids is a different job!

The first thing that seems to be very crucial to be considered about the way of teaching is that the teacher should be an ideal person in the class,not pretending to be a good human, because the student would get the negative era easily.
The next thing that is worth to be mentioned is the parents' feed back,as they are the ones who do more care about the way of teaching. so you have to satisfied them!

going to university

We should go to university.
First, if we study we will have more knowledge.
Second, if we study we will have more friends.
Third, going to university will give us more self confidence.
Last, we will learn lots of things and the most important thing is that to understand the way of the living and what should we do to have the best life.
For example, from the beginning we know what is our job will be, because we have chosen our major before of going to the university.
UNIT 2 & 3
ASRA AGHAEE

traffic

Traffic is the big problem in TEHRAN.
We should control the traffic because if it will be continue we should spend half of our time in traffic and we will have more pollution in TEHRAN so we will be sick.
Because of that we should solve this big problem to be health and to have a more time.
UNIT 1
ASRA AGHAEE

I like Iran.
inasmuch as my ancestors lie in this land.
All of my familly live here.
every places that i have ever known remind me my childhood.
I like iran because i am proud of korosh who was the first person had written the plate of humans'right.
however it has crazy drivers i like to drive through the city.
At the end i like Iran because it is my mother land.

angry

I work for an internet company.
at the first monthes i like to work in this company but as the time goes the company get crowd with bad condition.
however i have a good position here i dont like it.
today i argued with my boss since the salary.
they want us to work perfectly,according the low but dont pay well.
anyway they are good people,better than some companies

برداشت های گوناگون بله

اگر یک نظا می بگه بله یعنی بله و اگر بگه نه یعنی نه ولی اگر بگه شاید اون اصلا نظا می نیست.

اگر یک سیاستمدار بگه بله یعنی شاید و اگر بگه شاید یعنی نه ولی اگر بگه نه اون اصلا سیاستمدار نیست.

اگر یک خانم بگه شاید یعنی بله واگر بگه نه یعنی شاید ولی اگر بگه بله اون اصلا خانم نیست.

Research and Enterprise Services - Lancaster University - Intellectual Property Development

The characteristics of a good hospital nurse

Nurses are very hardworking humans in the world,they do their best to take after sick people.There are some features about agood nurse forexample:
first, they must be good tempered because they have to treat patients kindly.
second,they have to be so patient because they should tolerate patient's complain about their pain.
The most important thing about them is their appearance,they have to be neat and clean,inorder not to be sick.
We as usual people have to respect them and give thank to them because of their sense of responsibility and self denial.

WATCHING TV

In these days,a magic box that we call it television has lots of fans,but it has some advantages and disadvantages.A goog example of it's benefit is getting information from news,weather forcasting and so on.An other great use of tv is amusing your child by watching cartoons when you are busy.
Some disadvantages of this magic box are:
First,because it has many different programs like:movies, documentaries,scientific news and other stuff like these,it makes you addicted and wastes your time.
Second,if you watch it from near of it's screen it might damage your eyes.
I think nearly 70percent of people choose tv for spending their free time and entertaining themselves.

Jackie Chan's Biography

Jackie chan was born in Hong Kong in 1954 . Jackie is not his real name ; his real name is chan Kong Sang that means " Born in Hong Kong " . He is an actor , action choreographer , comedian , producer , material artist , screen writer , signer and stunt performer . His patterns are Bruce Lee , Buster Keaton and Harold Lioyd . He speaks Cantonese , Mandarin and English fluently and also speaks some Korean and Japanese , as well as a little Spanish . Chan married Lin Feng Jiao , Taiwaness actress , in 1982 . That same year , they had a son who’s named Jaycee . He is a singer and actor , too .

Mobiles Softwares

There are several types of software for mobiles such as: windows mobile, symbian, linux, java, android and....
but three of them are basic and common.
the first and the strongest type is Windows mobile. Windows mobile is a software that is very similar to
personal computer because it requires to install windows on these kind of mobiles, the other name of them is
pocket pc( pocket personal computer).on this kind of mobiles you are not limited in installing program
and you can find the best windows mobile software on HTC mobiles.
the second type of software is symbian. symbian is a software that is weaker than windows mobile
but you can install fairly strong application on this software.the most famouse company that software of
its product is symbian is NOKIA.
the third type is JAVA, it is very limited in terms of installing application.tis kind of software is very simple
and it is very easy to learn. the most common mobiles that their software is java is Sony Ericsson.
SAEED HAMIDI

There are several types of software for mobiles such as: windows mobile, symbian, linux, java, android and....
but three of them are basic and common.
the first and the strongest type is Windows mobile. Windows mobile is a software that is very similar to
personal computer because it requires to install windows on these kind of mobiles, the other name of them is
pocket pc( pocket personal computer).on this kind of mobiles you are not limited in installing program
and you can find the best windows mobile software on HTC mobiles.
the second type of software is symbian. symbian is a software that is weaker than windows mobile
but you can install fairly strong application on this software.the most famouse company that software of
its product is symbian is NOKIA.
the third type is JAVA, it is very limited in terms of installing application.tis kind of software is very simple
and it is very easy to learn. the most common mobiles that their software is java is Sony Ericsson.
SAEED HAMIDI

The effect of being fat

Being overweight has many harmful effect on our body.I think both psychological and physical problems.Psychological one's like:
1.lose your confidence because you can't find suitable clothes fits you or maybe other's reproach that you look awful and not in a good shape.
2.because of all these pressures and some problems in hormone enudaption you may become upset after some while and almost all of us familiar with the physical one's,like:
1.The extra fat in the body causes high blood pressure which may result in heart attack.
2.You can't move fast and become alittle lazy somehow.
3.Your high weight causes backache or pains in your knees.
I think psychological problems are worse because you can reduce your weight with strong determination,agood diet and a lot of exercise specially if you are young ,but bothering thoughts made in your mind by the community make you hopeful and disapear difficult.
I say it because I have it's experience.when I was younger I was overweight and I couldn't wear suitable clothes of my age and it changed me into upset girl.so I decided to lose weight and now I am so happy of it's result.
Now I suggest every fat person to lose weight in order not to lose their health.

baby

New born babies are really not very beautiful.Perhaps it is because of their discoloring for wrinkling skins that they have.On the other hand eye's of babies are frequently influenced.
The shape of their head are often distorted because of their difficult birth process and sometimes some babies are born earlier than the time of their birth with alot of difficulty that affected on their appearance.
This signals in babies cause them not to be beautiful.

Top Universities

There are a lot of university around the world. Some of theme are very famous. Here I wrote about the three most important of them. First of all is The University of Cambridge. It is rich in history. its famous Colleges and University buildings attract visitors from all over the world. Another one is the university of Oxford. It is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. As an internationally renowned centre for teaching and research, Oxford attracts students and scholars from across the globe. The most important one , however, is Harvard University. It is America's oldest institution of higher learning.

lying

Most of us are thought to believe that lying is wrong. But it seems that every body tells lie not big lie, but we call white lie.Most of the time,people have very good reasons for lying.
First they lie to hide something,forexample: aboy doesn't tell his parents that he has girl friend.
Second they lie to make an excuse,forexample: someone invites you to party,but you think it will be boring so you say you are busy.
The most essential reason is to make some one feel good forexample:your friend cooks dinner for you but it tastes terrible but you say it is delicious.

lying

Most of us are thought to believe that lying is wrong. But it seems that every body tells lie not big lie, but we call white lie.Most of the time,people have very good reasons for lying.
First they lie to hide something,forexample: aboy doesn't tell his parents that he has girl friend.
Second they lie to make an excuse,forexample: someone invites you to party,but you think it will be boring so you say you are busy.
The most essential reason is to make some one feel good forexample:your friend cooks dinner for you but it tastes terrible but you say it is delicious.

My favorite kinds of movies

My favorite movies is movie that show me true of life & new exprince & new vision of life &happy ended.

Types of Dictionaries

Dictionaries are generally used when students have already came across a word and looking it up to check that they know how to use it .there are different types of dictionaries:Bilingual,Monolingual,Pocket,and so forth.
The first kind is usually used to translate words or phrases from one language to another.
each language is grouped alphabetically in separate halves of the book with taranslation into the other language.
Second,monolingual dictionary uses the same language for the words and their definitions.
Third, a pocket dictionary is a small potable dictionary designed to be carried around.
Conseguently they often have tough covers to withstand the perils of travelling.if we want to use dictinaries it will not be sufficient just to recommend a dictionary and tell how useful it is.the cheif reason is that students see how to use them and what the benefits of uses are
(atena)

Not knowing a langage well can somethimes be embarress

I had this exprince &really embaress me when some body said ok i want test you ok lets test u with catolog please read it and trasnlat efor me or when somw body watch film &said ok what happend &what did the (he or she ) said .
have u ever such exprince

THE PHSICAL APEARANCE OF YOUR ACCTRESS

THE PHSICAL APEARANCE OF YOUR ACCTRESS

I want introduce nicoll kid man one of the most famouse actress in holy wod.
she is very beautiful &have a good shap with blound colure . she born in italy &now she live in england . she married with barad pit but after 8 years divorse from each other &she had 3 childern&i love him very much

HEALTHY DIET

Healthy eating is about more than the food on your plate—it is also about how you think about food. The first one is healthy eating habits can be learned and it is important to slow down and think about food as nourishment rather than just something to gulp down in between meetings or on the way to pick up the kids. The second is eating with other people has numerous social and emotional benefits—particularly for children—and allows you to model healthy eating habits. Eating in front of the TV or computer often leads to mindless overeating. The third is chewing your food slowly, savoring every bite. We tend to rush though our meals, forgetting to actually taste the flavors and feel the textures of what is in our mouths. Reconnect with the joy of eating. The last is asking yourself if you are really hungry, or have a glass of water to see if you are thirsty instead of hungry. During a meal, stop eating before you feel full. It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly.

Owning car & Health week

1-Owning car
There are many different models of car in the world. For example, Samand, benz and etc.
When you decide to buy a car first, you must know what kind of car do you like to have and how much money do you want to pay for it?
Before you buy a car, you must know that having a car has a lot of disadvantage beside advantages. For example, cars, cause, pollution of air and traffic jam in the street; how over, it has advantage for human; for example, when you are in your car, you are more comfortable than you are in public transportation and when you need to go anyplace; for example, hospital in the midnight and so on it’s more easier that you to use your car.

2-Health week
This week is named health week in the world. In this week some school hold ceremony for children.
Why do this week is named as health week?
because of health is very important in mankind’s life. There is a proverb in Persian. Sane vise is in healthy body. To be healthy we need foods that they are good for body. For example, grains, vegetables, fruits, meets and other proteins are good for health. In health week media, special, TV try to say to people that they should have good and health diet in their lives.
There is a food pyramid that it indicates what kind of foods you need.
In this food pyramid, the first ones are grains. Such as rice, bread and etc. the second ones are vegetables and fruits. such as carrots, potatoes and etc. fruits such as bananas and apples. the third ones are meet and other proteins like beef, fish, nut and etc. the next one is dairy like yogurt, milk and etc. and then, we should eat other things very bit like oil, chocolate, butter and etc.

topic:Superm arket

what is the major exports in your country?

Each country has special thing for exports.The most important exports of Iran is oil and gas, which make up 50% budgets of our country. Second , artificial industry which has many adherents in all over the word and many people who travel to Iran buy them as a suvinior.Then , because of the different kind of climate we have various agriculture productions like Saffron and Pistchio that by export them , we could have a good income

Tehran Is not a good place to live in

Living in Tehran ,the same as any other capital cities, has some especial difficulties.for instance,air pollution and sound pollution caused by many cars are very dangerous especially for children and old people.furthermore, It Is really harmful for cardiovascular and respiratory system and increases the rate of cancer.

On the other hand,you usually get stock in traffic jam in such overcrowded streets and also witness many road rages.

In Tehran,people used to live In apartments that are not enough spacious.They hardly ever know their neighbours.For example,when someone comes across their neighbour at most says hello.In my opinion,Tehran is such a monster that gets big and bigger every minute,So I prefer to live in a small peaceful town .

my favorite kinds of movies

I had experienced various kinds of movies for a long time, most of them weren't useful though!Although I'm not the romantic type, I preferred watching romantic movies than horror movies, as they were not unrealistic.Nowadays there are plenty types of movies which are available in any places,but almost all of them are not worth to be watched! anyway, when I decide to see something I would try highly rewarded movies, for they are examined by some people at least.

An Anecdote

Lack of information about modern tecnology and new lifestyle somtimes could be embarrassing.Although I have been abroad for several times and experienced a lot of things,last time I made a funny mistake.
This Norooz my family and I went to malaysia and stayed at a five-star Hotel called Renaissance.After doing check-in we were going to our rooms by using an elevator.When we entered and pushed the button the door closed but It did not move and after a short pause It opened at the same floor.We tried again and again and the same thing happened.We did it several times while other passengers who were Europian waiting and watching us strangely.
How ridiculous! To our surprise, one of them showed us how we should have put our room card In front of especial sign then pushed the button!
As the doors were closed we smiled to show him our appriciate.It was really an embarrassing situation.

How Television Affects Children?

Television viewing has both advantages and disadvantages and also as a major activity, influence on children a lot. Some advantages of watching television can be illustrated by : first, preschoolers can get help learning the alphabet on public television. Second, grade schoolers can learn about wildlife on nature shows and then television can inform and entertain children. But despite this advantages, too much television can be detrimental. For instance, time spend watching television takes away from important activities , such as reading, school work, playing and so on.another example is that they are influenced by the thousands of commercial seen each year, many of which are for junk food, fast food and toys. Kids who view violent acts are more likely to show aggressive behavior. And finally children who spend more than four hours per day watching television are more likely to be over weight.

pollution of Iran

Iran is the second polluted country in the world.Statistics have shown that more than 100 people get different illnesses which is related to pollution, but just 10percent of them have been saved.
One of the most important reason is industrialization of Tehran during 20years ago.It decreased life's quality in this area and had too many inevitable consequenses on natural source specially enviromental spaces.On the other hand,immigration rate specially in Tehran has compeletly changed city expressions.
Officials have made so many plans for controlling pollution up to now,which some of them were effective,like:
1.Developing public transportation
2.Collecting old cars
3.Making hard rules for giving licence

Download details: Windows Media Encoder 9 Series

The process of human formation (fetus) reoroduction system

The process of human formation(Fetus)
reproduction system. This mixture of oocyte and sperm called zygot.A zygot move to ovarian tube. In the second step this zygot growth and growth ,zygot bifurcated to
First step, one oocyte and one sperm mix in a female 2 portion and each portion divided by two portions.
Then this structure move to uterus and inoculated in to the endometer. Four layres cover this structure (two chorion-two amniom),this layres are common in monozygot twins; also these are seprated in dizygots twin.In third mounth or 12 weeks of pregnancy, this structure are only a bout 14 gr. Structure of fetus organize in different time .For example :eyes form in 6-8 weeks. After this changes ,at third three mounth the fetus and its indexes (include chorion-amniom and plasma) are wheighted about 13-18kgr.Some of hormons from ovarian centeral nervous system stimulate the delivery. After delivery the fetus called neonate. This process are very wonderful.Finally the main mechanism of these transformations are unknown to us.
Sahar sadeghi

resolving differences

What can we do for resolving differences and avoid of dispute?In my opinion we can use some styles for resolving disagreement ,one style is, when people have discution may fear that loos of the control over a dispute they should try to control themselves and tolerate others idea calmly.Another style is forexample,when a student disagree with another student,he or she will handle the situation differently.It depending on his or her willingness to compromise and desire to keep a relationship friendly.Contribution to solving a problem is much more serious than rejection of themselves.we should respect others idea and try to persuade others.

Balance a career with the family

It is not always easy to balance a career with a family, but learning the skill of it makes us to show our powers properly. Unfortunately, most of people confront many difficulties in this way, and as a result, they may be under the pressure and lose their energy and unable to find a solution. There are several elements which can help one who wants to overcome the problem. First, you should get your priority in order. It is a good idea to consider the most important thing to be done firstly. Second, you can provide some replacements when you cannot be at home. Preparing some study programs and entertainment is helpful for children to occupy their time, for example, getting busy with their lessons and playing a game with safe playthings. Devote at least a short time (of course effective) to the children every night. In other words, try to eat the dinner, speak, read a story, and play with them. Never forget to have a full privacy with your mate. And the most essential element is to respect yourself and allocate some opportunities to meet your desires, and it is better to be a usual custom for everyone.
Parvaneh Shabani - 870021354

what your signature says about you

What your signature says about you
Your signature is the part of your handwriting that says the most about your personality. It is also common to have several signature, for example a more formal signature, when you sign a credit card or passport, and an informal signature. There are four kinds of signature. The first ,your formal signature; it is usually contains either a first name and a surname. If your first name is more prominent in your signature, this implies that you have positive feeling about your childhood. If your surname is more prominent, this means that your public self is more important to you. Second Legibility , it where names can be clearly read, implies that you are a person with clear ideas and objectives. Third Angel, most signatures are horizontal , rising or descending. A rising signature means that you are the kind of person ,when faced with problems, will work to overcome them. A descending signature means that you have a tendency to get depressed and give up when faced with problems, and the lack self- confidence. Finally size, if your signature is bigger than the rest of the letter , it means that you are self-confident and have a high opinion of your self. People whose signature is smaller than the rest of the test may be insecure and have low self-esteem.
Sadeghi,sahar

Difference between generations

The main reason of the gap between generation because of the new technology,political differences,workplace behavior,age of consent.age of responsibility,the educational system.
I'm 26 years old and I have a sister who is 10 years younger than me,in second grade of high school.
My sister and I somties have such problems with our parents and also our grandmother that most them related to our difference between our generation and our thought about different situation.
For example during a week I'm so busy.I have to go to office and university so the only time that I can study my lesson is in the afternoon when I come back from office ; therefore,Idon't have enough time to see my frined or talk to them on the phone. So when I want to see them at weekend or go out for dinner with them, my parents expect I stay at home or go to any ceremony that they want to go and I have to explain for them that I prefer to spend my free time with my friend.
My younger sister has more problems with them specially with our grandmother about the clothes thet she want to wear or her make up.
I think that parents should let their children to experince new thing and different situation.They should only guidance them and let to use use their experince.So children chosse the better way of life by themselves with use their help.

carpet

Carpet
Carpet is the major exports of Iran which is the fantastic art of Iranian people that made of wool, silk or similar material.
The best carpet of Iran make in Tabriz. Kashan, Naein, Esfahan and Qum.
Many years ago the model of carpet was hand-made, but now carpet has two model hand- made and machine-hand.
Today China and Belgium make machine- made carpet such as hand -made carpet of Iran. I mean they make in a very careful and detailed way, as thin as a hand- made carpet of Iran.
Ezazi

paragraphs

The United States is such a large country that it must be divided into different standard time zones.
In the continental United States there are four:Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific.
When it is 5:00 Eastern Standard Time in New York, for example, it is 4:00 Central Standard Time
In Chicago, 3:00 Mountain Standard Time in Denver, and 2:00 Pacific Standard Time in Los Angeles.

Traffic has recently become a serious problem in the capital of my country. There are three reasons.
First, the number of outomobiles has doubled in the past five years, with the result that there
Are more cars than the streets can accommodate. Second, the streets are old and narrow. Because
There are few garages or parking lots, these narrow streets are made more narrow by the cars that
Are parked along the side.Third, many drivers do not obey the regulation, so that many jams result
From cars going the wrong way on a one-way street.

The affective influence of bicycling is clarified on the quality of life in the Germany entirely.

The affective influence of bicycling is clarified on the quality of life in the Germany entirely. While cycling is vastly prevalent in Germany , the needful facilities are postformed which the people bicycle with more safety and enjoyment . The affection of this eases is not something except peace and health . Also the weather remaines clean.

walking

Walking

Moderate bouts of walking can substantially reduce the odds of heart disease ,cancer and other causes.Researchers believe that half the decline generally associated with ageing is due to inactivity .By exercising ,a person may retain as much as 80 percent of his physical abilities between the ages of 30 and 70.That is why many experts recommend physical exercise and walking.

Watching television:

In todays society television plays a big role.television has both advantages and disadvantages.at the first glance television bring us much information but we should watch scientific reasearch and news to be aware of them.watching too much of tv also effects your eyes and nerves.you will be addicted if you start seeing it daily for instance,it waste your time,it can cause a gain weight and missing out on life..tv shows also send out wrong messages to adults too. for example violence is a mager factor it affects people all ages or you will start to do things what ever you have seen in television which might lead to some problems.watching tv can be good for your health doctors says that laughter is good for your health.(atena)

Supermarkets

Today,supermarkets are important function in essential demand in every country because all people from all over the word have demands to living and continuation.
The products for example nutritional,fruits,meats and other materials that we needs should be feresh and healthy.salespersons must attentin to this point the best products with different kinds exist in supermarkets to remove the demands all people.(atena)

how to accept changes

How to accept changes
The only thing one can be sure about is changing. It is like a wave and inevitable. If we try to resist its power we will undoubtedly defeat and lose some vital opportunities in our life. Changes are frightening for most of us because they seem out of control when they take place. Therefore, either positive or negative, they make us apprehensive. For instance, while changing a job or a neighborhood even if it is our choice we need to familiar with the new situations, people, stores, and so forth at the same time. Years ago, one of my friends confronted many challenges when her husband died. She has two children and everybody thought that she would be ruined, but she didn’t want to be defeated. She struggled in a high ambition to earn a livelihood and her children were educated under her care. And now, she says that the only reason to take such a risk is to believe in God and accept the new condition because “wanting the change is the first step toward the change”.
Parvaneh Shabani - 870021354

Watching TV and its disadvantages

Nowadays wtching TV is a usual thing like eating,walking and so on.
Even in deprived zones people access to this magic box and a large group of people spend most of their time in front of TV and watching its program.
In spite of advantages of watching TV it has some disadvantages.
In my opinion the first one or the most important one is wasting your time.
As you know "Time is money" and when you spend your time for watching some of useless programs you are missing something that is irreversible.
Next,vision disorders that are very noticable in children who are very intrested in watching TV and donot want to sit far from it.
The last one is eating junk food that cause harmful fat.
So be careful about watching this magic box.

Write for Ten - write for 10 minutes about anything

UNC Writing Center: Home Page

Write for Ten - write for 10 minutes about anything

Welcome to the Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL)

Links for writing

http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/
http://www.testmagic.com/toefl/toefl-essay/most-common-toefl-essay-mistakes.asp
http://writeboard.com/

Registration process at a univesity

Registration process at a university has changed for better. Students now use internet and it solves many problems,because in the past registration process was a time consuming task for both students and univesities ,but this system now causes reduction of human workers and reduction of human 's fault and also it saves our time.Using internet has become very useful ,especially for universities with many users.

supermarket

A good supermarket should have two features. First ,it should provide food products in the separated categories for customers , so in this way customers can choose and buy easily .Second, it should provide every kind of fresh products such as dairy ,meat and so on in the clean places to draw customers attention.(elahe hajmohammadi)

problems between generations

There are some reasons why young people and old people have arguments.If we have a glance to our society, we will understand that the first reason is difference between their opinions and thoughts.Another reason refers to the young people who want to experience every thing themselves without paying attention to their parent's advices , but i think this arguments will never happen if they respect each other.(elahe hajmohammadi)

study habits

We have various kinds of study habits.Some people are used to studying loudly or else they would not understand the concept of the text,so they can not study in a library at all.In some cases people are used to studying silently in a particular place ,and they just move their eyes on lines.According to the recent research the last way is the best,because on one hand it doesn't make you so much tired ,on the other hand you can keep important point in your mind for a long time.(elahe hajmohammadi)

smoking

people now smoke in every part of the world.Smoking has become more popular from many years ago.There are two main reasons why people start to smoke.First of all, when they are in predicament,they start smoking to feel better,because in a bad situation they want to find sth to confort them.The second reason is fun,especially for teenagers,and they become interested in smoking by offering them a cigaratte at first time,but gradually they become addicted to smoking.

The Most High

There are a lot of famous people in the world.some of them in good ways and some of them in bad ways.all of theme are not deserving to be our model.

I want to write about a person whome i admire most.there are a lot of famous football player in our country.but a person i admire most is Ali Daee.i think he is the best in iranian footbal history, in addition he graduated from Sharif univercity (it is one of the best univercity in Iran ). another thing about him is that he could earn a lot of money through playing football. also he learned several foreign languages through playing football such as English & German.now he is a coach of Perspolis ( the most popular team in Asia) & he succeeded agin.these are reasons that show he is a successful man but not a main reson i admire him.the main reason is that he achieve every thing that he want becaus of his self confidence & hard working.

at the end i hope we put persons like him as our model in our life & really try to be like them.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS HARD SITUATION

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS HARD SITUATION

Nowadays carry on business with foreign companies’ especially European firms is so difficult and keeping this relation without having long term and clear background is nearly impossible. The some important reasons are as follow.
The first one is the remittance from Iranian banks to most famous and well known bank is forbidden. The second reason is most of these companies under pressure their relevant governments do not dispose to have and keep business relationship with us and in case of being consideration profits for them prefer to use form intermediate companies in the third countries like UAE that this matter cause to increase cost price, other hand shipment directly to our country costs a lot of insurance fee.
It is evident there are a lot of interior problems that if we want to proceed to them it will take a lot of time that is out our subject. Instance to take long period of process to releasing the goods form customs. Lack of to be suitable and sufficient warehouse in the customs area. The ministry of Economy changes the customs duties every mount and so on.
(Mohsen Taskini, Payame Noor University)

Attention 2

Please make sure that you read your classmates writings very carefully , post comments about them and try to create interaction by helping each other.

Self image

Self image is the same assumption that we have about ourselves. It’s the essential part of human’s personality and behavior which can control and change our activities. It shows us what we can do or not. In order to change some habits to an achievement, we had better train the realistic and appropriate self image with creating abilities and new talents which can turn failure to success. It will be really miraculous when the positive thinking is matched with its self image.


Parvaneh Shabani - 870021354

study habits

some students dont know how to study efficiently. here are some tips for a better studying.
1. set a time schedule . obey your schedule exactly but be careful that a realistic schedule is the one which includes your other daily needs and some leisure time.
2.dont study a same subject for long hours. it just makes you tired and confused. change your subject , try to study two or three subjects a day.
3.try to recognize your biologic body clock. I mean you yourself can understand whether you learn better during the day or at night and set your time based on this fact.

problems between generations

these days we can see many teens have arguments with their parents. the majority of people believe that it refers to their different generations but I think it is because of different ideas
and different conditions of society.
the improvement of technology is growing faster than befor and adults are more familiar with the latest knowledge of the world.
but with all these differences if both children and parents learn how to respect others ideas no more arguments will happen.

study habits

Every body has different ways of studying, forexample: some people study loudly
or others silently and use their eyes to read and keep important things in their mind.
In my point of view studing silently is much more better because it doesn't
waste your energy and doesn't make you so much tired.

smoking

1.one of the main reasons of diseases is smoking.

2.some people use drugs inorder to feel relax.

In my idea smoking causes many dangerous diseases, like: cancer, lung illnesses
and heart attack.Cigarate and many other drugs can damage our healthy cells and kill them.

These days, people try to be relax and calm by using drugs,specially cigarates, but
it's a bad habit and make them addicted.

The generatin gap became more serious in this century.

The gap between two generation has became a social problem.
Although our parents and we aren't from different planets,sometimes it seems that we are from separate worlds.
The differences between our opinions,our thoughts and our beliefs sometimes lead us to another world that is not very similar to the thing they wanted or planed for us.
May be their advices make us to have second thoughts about our plans but we prefer to stick on our way and to experience every thing ourselves instead of paying more attention to their suggestion.
For example the technolegy like the internet that has made us familiar with our world is more nearer to us than our parents because new generation prefer to spend their times in front of their computers,surfing the net and communicating with others through it instead of being with their family and enjoy of being to each other.
These problems compare with another countries is less common in iran but we can touch it if we have a glance to our society.

writing number 2

Smoking has become a popular habbit among young people in my country.

Smoking has become a popular habbit among young people in my country. Knowing the bad effects it has and the disease it can cause, the age of smokers is 13 right now.
Despite the information and talkshows on TV, radio, internet and other information centers the number of smokers increases daily.
Poor condition of living, careless parents, child labor, smoking parents and of course bad friends are the main reasons in my idea.
In other words what the world is doing today, is not enough to increase the age of very young smokers, unfortunately.

Writing number 1

Smoking has a lot of bad effects on human being bodies.

Smoking has a lot of bad effects on human being bodies. As we all know smoking is bad for heart, lungs, and the rest of our body parts. These days if you buy any kind of health magazine you will face pages and pages about disadvantages smoking can bring for you; here are some:

1- Heart disease: Smokers are facing much more problems than non-smokers in this case also.
Heart disease and blood circulation disease take thousands of lives yearly.

2-General health: People tend to lose interest in eating if they are smokers, tend to do less sports, and tend to lose weight. Yellow teeth, mouth cancrers and unhealthy gums are also the bad effects.

So please for the above mentioned reasons and all other unmentioned reasons: Quit smoking right now!

Attention

When you want to post your paragraphs ,go to sign in section and click on new post and publish it to the blog.Do no post your assignments as a comment to my posts.

Doctors
I think most of the time doctors have general respect because of their situation. At first sight it seems very good but sometimes it become complicated for them for example people would like to know about their personal life and they are under control and pressure all the time by neighbors or people who know them.
In addition most of the doctors are working in hospitals and clinics for which they have suitable financial position. They are so busy that they don’t have enough time for their family. Generally they don’t have friendly relationship with their family and in their personal life they have lots of problems.
I believe that they are interrogative people because they have to work very hard and most of them believe that they are terrific so nobody deserves to speak with them. Even some of them completely forget the God and they think that their success is just because of their progress and research.
In my opinion, in the world there isn’t anything as black or white, everything depends on our situations, beliefs, opinions and manners.

Next Session Assignment

You should choose a topic sentence to be developed in a Paragraph, .You can also comment on you friends' paragraphs.Do not forget to write your names

Welcome to PNU writing class

A very warm welcome to your blog,I hope this blog will be the stepping stone for expanding your learning experience and open up new horizons in your life.As social beings,our mind is always mediated through our life history,people and artifacts .Through this mediation and social interaction which is now highly enriched in the virtual world of internet,blogging seems to be an essential artifact to explore the collective mind of humanity to share , collaborate and move forward.In the collaborative writing the process is our product.